Help:IPA/Japanese
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Template:IPA key The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Japanese language and Okinawan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ja}}, {{IPAc-ja}} and Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/home4/iltornan/lua/error.log): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory.
Examples in the charts are Japanese words transliterated according to the Hepburn romanization system.
See Japanese phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Japanese.
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Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 In dialects such as the Tokyo dialect, the voiced fricatives [[[:Template:IPA link]], Template:IPA link] are generally pronounced as affricates [[[:Template:IPA link]], Template:IPA link] in word-initial positions and after the moraic nasal /N/ (pronounced Template:IPAblink before [dz] and Template:IPAblink before [dʑ]) or the sokuon /Q/ (spelled ッLua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/home4/iltornan/lua/error.log): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory, only in loanwords). Actual realizations of these sounds vary among speakers (see Yotsugana).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 When an affricate consonant is geminated, only the closure component of it is repeated: [kiddzɯ], [eddʑi], [ittsɯi], [kettɕakɯ]. Traditionally Japanese prohibits voiced geminates, so these geminates are normally devoiced: [ɡɯddzɯ] → [ɡɯttsɯ] Template:Harvcol.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 A declining number of speakers pronounce word-medial Template:IPAslink as Template:IPAblink Template:Harvcol, but /ɡ/ is always represented by [ɡ] in this system.
- ↑ [ɰ], romanized w, is the consonant equivalent of the vowel [ɯ], which is pronounced with varying degrees of rounding, depending on dialect.
- ↑ The syllable-final n (moraic nasal) is pronounced as some kind of nasalized vowel before a vowel, semivowel ([j, ɰ]) or fricative ([ɸ, s, ɕ, ç, h]). [ɰ̃] is a conventional notation undefined for the exact place of articulation.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 In many dialects including the Tokyo dialect, close vowels [i] and [ɯ] become voiceless (marked by a ring under the symbol) when surrounded by voiceless consonants and not followed by a pitch drop.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 [ɯ], romanized u, exhibits varying degrees of rounding depending on dialect. In the Tokyo dialect, it is either unrounded or compressed ([ɯᵝ]), meaning the sides of the lips are held together without horizontal protrusion, unlike protruded Template:IPAblink.
- ↑ A pitch drop may occur only once per word and does not occur in all words. The mora before a pitch drop has a high pitch. When it occurs at the end of a word, the following grammatical particle has a low pitch.
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References
- Template:Cite journal
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