Help:IPA/Italian
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The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents pronunciations of Standard Italian in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-it}}, {{IPAc-it}} and Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/home4/iltornan/lua/error.log): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory.
See Italian phonology and Italian orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Italian.
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Notes
- ↑ If consonants are doubled after a vowel, they are geminated: all consonants may be geminated except for Template:IPAslink. In IPA, gemination is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfatto], mezzo [ˈmɛddzo]) or by using the length marker Template:IPAalink. There is also the sandhi of syntactic gemination: va via [ˌva vˈviːa]).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Angbr represents both /ts/ and /dz/. The article on Italian orthography explains how they are used.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 /dz/, /ts/, /ʎ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated after a vowel.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 In Tuscany Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink are the common allophones of vowel-following single /k/, /p/, /t/, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/~/nk/ is a velar Template:IPAblink, and the one in /nf/ or /nv/ is the labiodental Template:IPAblink. A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is always the labial Template:IPAblink.
- ↑ Non-geminate /r/ is generally realised with a single strike, as a monovibrant trill or tap Template:IPAblink, particularly in unstressed syllables.
- ↑ /h/ is usually dropped.
- ↑ /θ/ is usually pronounced as Template:IPAblink in English loanwords, and Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink (if spelled Template:Angbr) or Template:IPAblink (if spelled Template:Angbr or Template:Angbr) in Spanish ones.
- ↑ In Spanish loanwords, /x/ is usually pronounced as Template:IPAblink, Template:IPAblink or dropped. In German, Arabic and Russian ones, it is usually pronounced Template:IPAblink.
- ↑ Italian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels /ɛ, ɔ/ can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto [koˈpɛrto], quota [ˈkwɔːta]), close-mid vowels /e, o/ are found elsewhere (Boccaccio [bokˈkattʃo], amore [aˈmoːre]). Close and open vowels /i, u, a/ are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed /i/ may become approximant Template:IPAblink before vowels, which is known as synalepha (pari età [ˌparj eˈta]).
- ↑ Open-mid Template:IPAblink or close-mid Template:IPAblink if it is stressed but usually Template:IPAblink if it is unstressed. May be replaced by Template:IPAblink (stressed) or Template:IPAblink (stressed or unstressed).
- ↑ /y/ is often pronounced as Template:IPAblink or [[[:Template:IPA link]]Template:IPA link].
- ↑ Since Italian has no distinction between heavier or lighter vowels (like the English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.
- ↑ Stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables: fato [ˈfaːto] ~ fatto [ˈfatto].
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Further reading
External links
- Template:It Dizionario italiano multimediale e multilingue d'ortografia e di pronunzia (not based on IPA)
- Template:It Dizionario di pronuncia italiana online by Luciano Canepari (based on IPA)