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{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = The Kingdom of Osarius
|common_name =        Osarius
|image_flag =         Flag_of_Osarius.png
|alt = Black flag with gold and red trim and a stylised red and gold phoenix emblem in the centre
|flag_border =        no
|image_coat =         Royal_coat_of_arms_of_House_Aurumia.png
|alt_coat =           (description of coat of arms)
|symbol_type =        Royal coat of arms
|national_motto =     "Per igne, nos renovamur integra"
|englishmotto =       "Through fire, we are reborn whole"
|national_anthem =    "From the summit of Mount Crown"
|image_map =          Osarius-AO.png
|alt_map =            Location of Osarius within Atlantian Oceania
|capital =            [[Burningham]]
|largest_city =       [[Dynapolis]]
|official_languages = English
|national_languages = Spanish
|regional_languages = {{hlist |[[Ba'ii language|Ba'ii]] |[[Urawa language|Urawa]]}}
|ethnic_groups =      {{unbulleted list
                        | {{nowrap|23% [[Nostaw people|Nostaw]]}}
						| 16% [[Surpo people|Surpo]]
						| 12% [[Osarian islanders|Islanders]]
						| 11% [[Obitimira people|Obitimira]]
						| 9% [[Dynapolitan people|Dynapolitan]]
						| 5% [[Akach people|Akach]]
						| 7% Other Osarian ethnic groups
						| 17% Non-Osarians }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2220
|nationalities =      {{unbulleted list
                        | {{nowrap|83% [[Tribes of Osarius|Ethnic Osarian]]}}
						| 7% [[Aquilliano people|Aquilliano]]
						| 2% [[Callistean people|Callistean]]
						| 1% [[Eristicean people|Eristicean]]
						| 1% [[Kryosi people|Kryosi]]
						| 6% Other nationalities }}
|demonym =            Osarian
|government_type =    Federal parliamentary enlightened absolute monarchy
|leader_title1 =      Monarch
|leader_name1 =       [[Alexander II of Osarius|Alexander II]]
|leader_title2 =      First Minister
|leader_name2 =       [[George Douglas]]
|legislature =        [[Osarian Parliament|Parliament]]
|upper_house =        [[Osarian House of Councillors|House of Councillors]]
|lower_house =        [[Osarian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|area_km2 =           370,186
|area_sq_mi =         142,930
|percent_water =      1.4
|population_estimate = 145,500,000
|population_estimate_year = 2215
|population_census = 146,886,371
|population_census_year = 2220
|population_density_km2 = 396.8
|population_density_sq_mi = 1,027.7
|GDP_PPP = 5.316 trillion
|GDP_PPP_year = 2220
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 36,223
|GDP_nominal = 6.035 trillion
|GDP_nominal_year = 2220
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 41,085
|HDI_year =           2220
|HDI =                0.896
|HDI_change =         increase
|currency =           Osarian credit
|currency_code =      OSC
|time_zone =          
|utc_offset =         
|date_format =        dd-mm-yyyy
|drives_on =          left
|cctld =              .osr
|trigramme =          OSR
|calling_code =       +37
}}

'''The Kingdom of Osarius''' ({{IPAc-en|oʊ|ˈ|s|ɑː|r|j|ʊ|s}} oh-SAHR-yus) is an environmentally stunning nation in the region of [[Atlantian Oceania]], located in the northern part landmass of [[Cyanea]], known as [[Rabastor]] in old Osarian tribal language. The current monarch, and head of state, is [[Alexander II]] of the [[House of Aurumia]], who succeeded his mother [[Tia I]] in 2232. The nation of Osarius is considered a class O14 civilisation under the [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=244917 Querrian Civilation Index] and has a [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?p=27006734#p27006734 Power Comparator Rating] of 13.43 according to the [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=363018 Excidium Civilisation Index] (Tier 7, Level 2, Type 5).

==History==
===Founding===
The land upon which the Kingdom of Osarius exists today was originally the settling place of a community of explorers of unknown origin. They originally arrived in what is now the [[Hearthlands (region)|Hearthlands]] region of the nation, after travelling along the Elishat river. Historians have suggested that the original settlement location &ndash; near to modern day Neahri &ndash; was chosen based on its high proportion of corn and rice plants, and birds – which were skinned for a form of currency. These explorers built their homes out of the bones of larger prey, with larger leaves from the various near-tropical flora in the region placed on top as a roof.

The explorers slowly split into groups as their population increased, and distinct divisions became apparent, eventually creating various clans and tribes across the land. These tribes were sometimes vastly different from one another, with those who could best tolerate the arid climate of the south-east forming groups in what is now [[Tubriss (region)|Tubriss]]. On the other hand, those who found the humidity and warmer climate of the south tough to bear in the summer months, migrated north, toward the former [[Kingdom of Akachi]] in what is now [[Applegrass (region)|Applegrass]]. Newer immigrant tribes, or explorers, often found themselves "discovering" the south coast, and largely wound up in the region that would later become [[Dynapolis]].

Despite their lack of proximity in terms of settlement, in many cases, these various tribes &ndash; often along with other immigrant tribes &ndash; would war often. It is hard to tell what the reasons were, though historians suggest it was largely over hunting territory. Evidence found in caves and burial mounds across the nation depict the peoples of most tribes as keen hunters, with weaponry with typical markings of some tribes found large distances from any sign of a tribal settlement. As these tribes warred, it appears that a common practice was for a tribe to capture an enemy tribe's first born children and leave their skinned heads on the borders of their territory. It was believed this would ward off evil, and rival tribes. These actions escalated, leading to mass slaughters in various situations and the eradication of entire tribes in many cases.

While the explorers began to take over much of mainland Osarius, there was a growing population of indigenous peoples on the far western peninsula of what is now Ikuturso, and the nearby islands &ndash; [[Kyoshiku Island|Kyoshiku]], and [[Kholanaras Island|Kholanaras]] &ndash; which was slowly spreading south and east, toward the mainland. Their progress halted when they began to encounter mainland tribes in what is now the [[Ethea]] area of [[Ikuturso (region)|Ikuturso]]. Carvings found in the area, dating back to that time period, depict the indigenous people as being triumphant over the mainland tribes, who seemingly feared them and their [[Iku-Turso|sea-serpent deity]]. The indigenous people were driven back when [[Edaj Nostaw]] expanded his sphere of influence later, and were wiped out in huge numbers, leaving a relatively small number on the two off-shore islands.

===Development===
:''For more detail, see [[Nostaw Era (Osarius)]]'' 

Slowly, the different tribes across Osarius began to merge, realising they could trade, or barter, or simply co-exist, complementing each others' strengths, and the foundations of society were formed. It was during this time period that one particular man came to the forefront; Edaj Nostaw. He led a unification war across Osarius, between the various tribes, which led to the formation of a military based dictatorship. It was from this military system that the current government evolved, and he set up his base in the [[Mount Crown (region)|Mount Crown]] region of Osarius, due to its natural defenses of sea to the east and mountain to the north.

Under Nostaw's rule, those who resisted were either executed, or exiled from the nation. Many of those exiled ended up on the unmapped Isle of [[Eristicea]] to the east, where their historically documented rebelliousness has become a way of life. However, the majority of those exiled went west, into what is now the Osarian region of [[Fourge (region)|Fourge]]. As the former Kingdom of Akachi expanded in and around that region, however, those exiles were forced further north, eventually disappearing beyond the mountains which serve as a natural border between Osarius and modern-day [[Kryosis]]. The ill-feeling toward Osarians &ndash; particularly those of [[Akach people|Akach]] descent &ndash; remains in Kryosis, although many bloodlines are spread between the nations. Shortly after the mass exodus of rebels, Nostaw annexed Akachi, as a result of the colloquially named [[Typo War]]. However, he would later claim it was part of his grand plan to unite all tribes to create a single, combined nation of people. Historians have long debated whether Nostaw was a noble crusader who sought only peace, or merely a megalomaniacal, warlord tyrant.

===Monarchy===
As the population of Osarius grew, more conflicts took place between varying factions and tribes, often influenced by external forces such as the Kryosi to the north. It was the result of one of these &ndash; the [[War of the Metals]], between the House of Aurumia and the [[House of Argento]] &ndash; that saw a veritable monarchy established in Osarius. The two families had grown in importance to the point that they each had veritable claims to being the ruling family of the nation. They warred for decades, until finally, the Aurumia won decisive victories in three successive battles – the [[Battle of Doulea]], the [[Battle of Menai]] and the [[Battle of Cupressa]] – in which several prominent figures were killed, leaving the Argento effectively without a military leader. The Aurumia presented their victory to the people as a sign of their greater strength, and thus suitability to rule, before taking control of the entire nation and summarily executing remaining Argento followers considered to have "the potential for rebellion". The remainder of the defeated family was exiled, and settled on the island of [[Aquillian]], far from home. Many years later, this island would be held responsible for various attacks of Osarian merchant ships in distant lands. In response, Osarius conquered the island by force and made it a colony. Later, when the political climate cooled, the island was granted dominion status, and later [[Aquillian Day of Independence|independence]]. The House of Aurumia have proven very popular among Osarians, however, and have ruled the nation for several centuries with little challenge to the throne.

==Geography==
The landscape of Osarius is largely level, though a few notable towns and cities exist at high altitude, such as [[Barcho, Tubriss|Barcho]] in the south-east and [[Carbonia, Fourge|Carbonia]] in the north-west. The only notable settlement below sea level in Osarius is [[Blacktube, Fourge|Blacktube]]. There are very few mountains outside the [[Carbos mountains|Carbos]] in northern Fourge and the [[Alepid mountains|Alepids]] in the northern part of the Mount Crown region &ndash; which between them form a sort of natural barrier with Kryosis to the north &ndash; and only two are of note; [[Mount Crown]] and [[Edaj Mount]]. There exists also just one volcano in mainland Osarius ([[Mount Ikuturso]]). The general flatness of the land makes for larger cities in terms of area, and greater ease in traversing the country, though its size often necessitates travel by air anyway.

There are also two small islands off the west coast of Osarius, which are considered territories of the Crown. They are [[Kyoshiku Island]] and [[Kholanaras Island]], the latter of which is named for [[Kholanaras|the shield volcano]] that forms much of its landmass. Both have a single major city each, with a tropical monsoon climate. The islands are both well known for their large indigenous population, which consists largely of two tribes split across the two islands, with a majority of one of the two on either island.

Several rivers run through Osarius, the two largest being the [[River Elishat]] and the [[River Barciddia]]. Both rivers pass through the capital city of [[Burningham]], crossing at the heart of the city. These two rivers are responsible for providing the majority of the nation's water supply via their numerous subsidiaries. The Elishat flows south out of the out of the Alepid mountains, before heading west as it exits Burningham. From there, it runs through the northern part of the Hearthlands, between [[Renneville, Hearthlands|Renneville]] and [[Firewood, Fourge|Firewood]], before passing just south of [[Greeningham, Applegrass|Greeningham]] and emptying into the ocean north of [[Hollybrent, Applegrass|Hollybrent]] via the [[Byrsic Delta]]. The Barciddia's source is far less certain. It is certainly fed by [[Lake Ursea]] in the Hearthlands region, but before that, it is uncertain. The river runs north east, passing through Burningham, before doubling back toward the southern part of the Mount Crown region, where it empties into the ocean just north of [[Yurendam, Tubriss|Yurendam]] via the [[Barcid Delta]].

===Climate===
:''For more information, see [[Climate of Osarius]]''

The regions of Osarius can vary widely in climate due to geographical features, ranging from the bitter cold in the mountainous northern Fourge to the tropical monsoon climate of heavily forested western Ikuturso, to the hot, arid climate of the desert areas in central and southern Tubriss. Generally, though, Osarius has a subtropical climate and usually experiences mild winters and warm summers with a temperature range of around fifty degrees Celsius, and plentiful rainfall.

==Regions and Districts==
:''For more information on the administrative system of Osarius, see [[Osarian Parliament]]'' 

The nation of Osarius is split into seven regions, each of which contains a number of districts. There are thirty-seven districts in total, and each district is administrated by a seven-person council known as a [[district septovicium|septovicium]]. Regions are controlled by [[regional duoviri]], elected every four years by the citizens of their respective region. This devolved system of government allows the [[First Minister]] to focus on nationwide issues within the [[House of Councillors]], while allowing each region to operate with a degree of autonomy, voicing their concerns in the [[House of Representatives]]. The First Minister's main duty is to present the advice of Parliament, and proposed laws, to the monarch. The monarch can then choose whether to enacts nationwide edicts and legislature accordingly. While in practice, the monarch holds supreme power in this regard, it is rare that they do not follow the advice of Parliament.

Each region is limited in that they cannot create laws of their own, though they can enact "regional statutes" which govern varying aspects of society, "with the intent of preserving the cultural heritage of the region, or nation" as long as they have the [[Royal Seal of Approval]], and a minimum 67% vote in favour of the statute on a regional plebiscite.

Major cities used to often share their names with their districts, due to their ever-expanding influence. For example, [[Golden Palace]] was considered to be outside the city limits of Burningham, but it was still in the district of the same name. This trend was deemed confusing for tourists, and as such, the districts were renamed in 2217.

==Demographics==
===Population===
The population of Osarius is debated often, but it is generally accepted that the number of inhabitants is around 147 million (2220 census). Of those, it is estimated that approximately 83% of them are Osarian (including indigenous peoples). The sharp decline since the late 22nd century is attributed to a dramatic increase in immigration over the past two generations. This shift has seen Osarius slowly develop a small number of "multi-cultural" cities, where larger communities of non-Osarians have gathered, such as Firewood, Greeningham, [[Jraxville, Dynapolis|Jraxville]] and [[Masaka]].

Osarius has a relatively high life expectancy of 76 years, believed to be an indirect consequence of both the well-funded national healthcare system and high standard of education within Osarius, though this figure has lowered in recent years due to cutbacks in state pension schemes. The increasing population of over 60s led to a change in legislation in 2186, moving the pension-eligible age to 65 years, rather than 60. This was increased further in 2198 to 68 years. As of 2220, approximately 18% of the population were of pensionable age.

===Ethnicity===
Among the estimated 91 million Osarian natives, there are [[Tribes of Osarius|thirty-seven surviving tribes]] (of an estimated number exceeding a thousand), the vast majority of the others being wiped out in the unification war. The most prominent of these tribes &ndash; aside from the indigenous peoples of the [[Ba'iora people|Ba'iora]] and [[Namata people|Namata]] &ndash; are the [[Nostaw people|Nostaw]], the [[Obitimira people|Obitimira]], and the [[Surpo people|Surpo]]. An estimated 50% of all Osarian natives are descended from one of these three tribes. Another notable population group is Akach, making up an estimated 5% of the population. The Akach are the peoples of the nation of Akachi (now making up large portions of the region of Applegrass), assimilated &ndash; and thus considered ethnically Osarian, and Osarian natives for political purposes &ndash; by Osarius after the Typo War.

===Education===
Education in Osarius is mandatory until age 16, while the system is well-funded and available to all citizens free of charge until age 18. At age 15, students can also opt to complete an apprenticeship &ndash; consisting of a minimum thirty hours weekly &ndash; in place of completing their final year of full-time education. These apprenticeships must last a minimum of three years, however.

Higher education is heavily subsidised, making it affordable for more than 90% of the population. As a result, the 2220 census indicates that approximately 86% of all under-30s in Osarius are receiving, or have received, higher education.

===Religion===
Religion in Osarius is not a major factor in the lives of the majority. Only 24% of Osarians consider themselves to be adherents to a religion, half of them being [[wiki:Jediism|Jedi]], or followers of religions widely considered "extreme", such as [[Violetism]], Jashinism <!-- see also: http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Jashin AND http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuggee --> or [[wiki:Iku-Turso|Ikutursism]]. Neither the government nor the [[House of Aurumia|royal family]] has officially acknowledged a state religion, which in the latter case is in line with their own decision not to adhere to one.

It should be noted, however, that the majority of Osarians consider themselves "spiritual", and various ways of life &ndash; such as [[Shiseido]], or some interpretations of [[wiki:Taoism|Taoism]] &ndash; are increasingly popular among citizens. It was estimated in 2200 that approximately five million Osarian citizens practice Shiseido, and almost fifty million describe themselves as Taoist, though did not indicate a religion on the national census.

===Languages===
According to the 2190 census, approximately 91% of the Osarian population speaks English as a first language, the only other notable first languages being Kryosi &ndash; spoken only by immigrants from Kryosis &ndash; and Spanish, mostly spoken by Aquilliano people. There are, however, several hundred dialects and a few old tribal languages still in regular use across the country. The Osarian monarch typically speaks the officially recognised dialect, [[Aurumian English]].

==Sports==
There is a large sporting community in Osarius, and successes in athletic events have long served as the nation's primary claim to fame throughout the multiverse. Within Osarius, most interest is in the national sport of [[GraviBall]], the globally popular association football, or combat sports. 

In the early 23rd century, association football appeared to overtake GraviBall as the nation's favourite sport, perhaps owing to the great successes enjoyed by the national team around that time.

===Football===
:''For more information, see [[Association football in Osarius]]''

The [[Osarian Professional Football League]], founded in 2137, grew rapidly before it underwent dramatic changes in the late 2190s. After being relaunched in 2200 as the Osarian League of Association Football (OLAF) as part of the OFA's larger scheme to improve the quality of players in the nation &ndash; and by extension, the national team &ndash; the OLAF lasted only a decade in that incarnation, before merging with [[LigAnaia]], a multi-association league based primarily in [[The Glorious North East|north-east Atlantian Oceania]]. The OLAF still operates leagues which act as tier three and below in Osarius, with new, dedicated cup competitions for the clubs who did not depart for LigAnaia and have not earned promotion since.

Starting in 2170, Osarius began competing in official, World Cup Committee sanctioned football events with teams from all over the multiverse. In 2215, Osarius was recognised for excellence on the international football stage with induction into the [[World Cup Nation Hall of Fame]]. In 2216, the [[Osarius national football team|national team]] won the [[AOCAF Cup 45|45th]] [[Atlantian Oceania Confederation of Association Football Cup|AOCAF Cup]] with an under 25 squad, before a squad unrestricted by age reached the final of, and won, the [[World Cup 70|70th]] [[World Cup]], cementing their position as the best football nation in the multiverse according to the [[KPB rankings]]. This was followed up by a second triumph in [[World Cup 71]]. A second AOCAF victory would follow at [[AOCAF Cup 49]] in 2224.

===Combat sports===
:''For more information, see [[Combat sports in Osarius]]''

Unlike most nations, Osarius legalises and sanctions blood sports for citizens, and all combat and blood sport events are monitored and governed by the [[Osarian Combat Federation]] (OCF). The OCF has issued championships in varying [[List of OCF Champions by Weight Class|weight classes]] and [[List of OCF Champions by Age Bracket|age brackets]] for [[List of OCF Champions by Discipline|seventeen disciplines of combat]], including Mixed Martial Arts, Knife Fighting, Kendo, Jousting and the public favourite, Gladiator Fighting. [[Maxi Killick|Maxi "The Millionaire" Killick]] is a now-retired, former OCF Champion of legendary status, well-known to the majority of the Osarian population as the first "[[Omnifighter]]". For some time, Osarian athletes branched out from OCF and were heavily involved in [[Global All-Arts Fighting]] (GAAF) and later the [[Arena of NationState Fighters]] (ANSF) to mixed successes.

===GraviBall===
:''For more information, see [[GraviBall]]''

GraviBall, being a sport of Osarian invention, is immensely popular within the nation, though it's popularity has not extended beyond Osarius' borders. The [[GraviBall League of Osarius]] (GBLO) was founded in 2127, and has been the main sporting attraction in the country ever since. [[Osarius Sports Network]] (OSN) have since made three dedicated channels to the sport to cover its immense appeal. The growing popularity of association football and gridiron football has seen a slight decline in interest in GraviBall among younger groups, perhaps owing to their inability to play the sport, whereas they are able to freely compete in the former two. The GBLO continues, however, to capture greater audiences than any sport in the country, with only OCF events coming close to its viewing figures until 2210, when association football began to capture more attention, too.

It is believed that the prominence of GraviBall &ndash; and the immense amounts of money involved &ndash; have held back progress in other athletic pursuits in Osarius. This would likely be due to the majority of elite young Osarian athletes choosing to pursue a career in GraviBall over other options. This trend began to change in the 2190s, and by 2215 the three major athletic paths in Osarius had a roughly even share of elite young talent. 

===Other sports===
While the majority of Osarian talent gravitates toward the "big three" &ndash; Combat, Football and GraviBall &ndash; there is still plenty of interest in other sports. The [[Osarian National Athletic Committee]] (ONAC) oversees and governs all sports in the nation which are not covered by the OCF or an individual governing body (e.g. Football is governed by the [[Osarian Football Assocation]]). A notable exception to this rule is that amateur combat sports still come under the regulation of the ONAC, despite the existence of the OCF. This is primarily to allow the ONAC greater control over the development of potential Olympic candidates, however, and in practice, the OCF still runs the majority of competitions &ndash; most notably, the [[Junior Ace]] series for combatants aged 17 to 19 years.

The ONAC sent a contingent of over 150 athletes to the [[Fourth Summer Olympics]] in Aeropag, in an effort to begin establishing the nation as a sporting power. The contingent picked up three bronze medals, one in Tennis, and two in Boxing. They have returned in the two successive summer games, to mixed successes, and Olympic participation was suspended after that due to conflicts between the ONAC and the governing bodies of the major sports within Osarius. 

There is also a thriving collegiate sports community in Osarius, also now governed by the ONAC, though the collegiate branch, [[Osarian Commission for Collegiate Athletics]] (OCCA) operates as a separate body. OCCA covers all sports at the collegiate level, except football (covered by the OFA) and GraviBall; which is not contested at the collegiate level, though the Osarian GraviBall Federation does sanction a version of the game with modified rules for college-age players. Only some combat sports are permitted at the collegiate level, and collegiate competitors are prohibited from entering the OCF's Junior Ace tournaments. Critics claim this weakens the strength of Olympic programs, as the best athletes will go to the semi-professional Junior Ace tournaments as a route into the OCF, rather than compete in OCCA competitions for a narrow shot at the Olympic games. It is speculated that this is part of the reason the ONAC suspended Olympic participation, as Osarius is not considered strong in many Olympic sports beyond combat sports and association football.

In 2175, petitions for a national professional gridiron football league began to appear. These calls gained support and momentum when [[Osarius national gridiron football team|the national side]] &ndash; made up of then amateur and college players &ndash; reached the quarterfinals of, and ultimately won, the [[Baptism of Iron VIII]]. The ONAC &ndash; in partnership with OSN &ndash; announced the formation of the [[Osarian Gridiron Football League]] (The OSAGIF League) shortly after the tournament. The national gridiron team spent some time being consistently ranked in the top 15 in the world, but are yet to claim a World Bowl championship. At college level &ndash; the [[Utica University]] [[Utica University Tigers|Tigers]] &ndash; is considered one of the best in international competition, having reached four Championship games in [[NationStates College Football]], winning twice.

==National symbols==
The most recognisable national symbol is that of the ''Firebird'', also known as the Phoenix (Buteo polemaetus igneus), an emblem of the House of Aurumia. It was adopted after the reunification of the many territories into a single Kingdom again.

Other symbols include:
*[[wikipedia:Cygnus olor|Swan]] (primarily the Mute swan, ''Cygnus olor'', adopted from Callistea in honour of the numerous Callistean Queens of Osarius)
*Fireflower (''Thalassanthus annuus'') <!-- like a sun flower, but more fiery looking -->
*Emberroot (''Maranta pueraria carbonicus'') <!-- looks like Maranta leuconeura or Maranta arundinacea, but the roots grow thickly and turn black with orange-red edges when dried, looking like embers -->

The region of Dynapolis, formerly the stronghold of the [[House of Argento]] &ndash; largest and most dangerous rivals to the House of Aurumia, defeated during the [[War of the Metals]] &ndash; retains the Argento symbols of the [[wikipedia:Dragon|Dragon]] and [[wikipedia:Panther|Panther]], both of which are often adopted by separatist movements in the area.

==References==


<!-- include categories below -->
[[Category:Nations]]
[[Category:Osarius]]
[[Category:Atlantian Oceania]]
[[Category:Rabastor]]